Read the question before drawing
Start small, then prove it yourself
About 12–15 minutes including the separate practice test. No family-tree knowledge is assumed. Keep paper nearby. We use letters as neutral labels for people; do not guess gender from names or letters. Different letters mean different people. Use only the stated family links.
Your goal is not to memorise every relative’s name. It is to identify who is related to whom, in which direction, with which facts known.
Try the warm-up once. Getting it wrong tells you what to practise; it is not a grade.
Warm-up: R is S’s mother. What is S to R?
Show answer
Correct answer: C
Mother fixes R’s gender and the parent link. S may be a son or daughter; child is the supported answer.
Option A: A son is possible, but S’s gender is unstated.
Option B: A daughter is possible, but S’s gender is unstated.
Option C: The parent-child relation is certain while gender is not.
Option D: S is a child of R, not a stated sibling.
Hint: Whose gender is stated by “mother”?
The small toolkit
A parent is a mother or father. A child can be a son or daughter. A sibling is a brother or sister. These generic words are useful when gender is not stated.
Draw parent → child. The arrow is our notation, not a biological rule about diagrams. For siblings, write “siblings” between the labels instead of a parent arrow. A spouse is a husband or wife; that link alone does not prove parenthood.
“A is B’s father” tells us: A is male; A is B’s parent. It does not tell us B’s gender.
One complete example
T is U’s father. U is V’s mother. What is T to V?
- The question asks about T from V’s point of view. Circle V on your paper.
- V’s mother is U. Move up one parent link: V → U while reading upward. On a parent-to-child map the arrow would point U → V.
- U’s father is T. Move up again. The map is T → U → V, each arrow parent to child.
- T is the father of V’s mother: maternal grandfather, नाना. V’s gender is unnecessary.
Now finish the same reasoning without opening the steps again.
Finish the worked method: T is U’s father. U is V’s mother. Start at V, move to mother U, then to U’s father T. T is V’s…
Show answer
Correct answer: B
The path goes through V’s mother. Her father is V’s maternal grandfather.
Option A: Paternal would require V’s father on the path.
Option B: The middle person U is V’s mother.
Option C: T is two parent steps away, not one.
Option D: There is no sibling link in this chain.
Hint: Name the parent of V on your path.
Now practise without the safety net
Open this lesson’s separate five-question practice test. For the first attempt, do not use the worked example or hints. There is no speed target: accurate reasoning comes first. After submitting, read the explanation even if a guess happened to be correct.
Your paper error log: record the question number, your first answer, whether you were sure or guessing, and one error label: direction / gender / generation / missing fact. Write one sentence explaining the corrected path. Keep this confidence note on paper.
If a question exposed a gap, revisit only the relevant worked step, then solve it again from a blank page. A correct retry shows recovery, not the same thing as an unaided first attempt.
A two-minute return visit
Tomorrow, before reopening this lesson, draw one relationship chain from memory and explain what remains unknown. Then retry two questions you missed or guessed. If none caused difficulty, make two new examples and explain them. Review again later in the week if useful; choose a time that fits your study routine.
Ready to move on? You can explain the path without reading the solution and can name what the clues do not establish. If not, repair that one step before adding speed.
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